ADDICTION

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a significant public health issue affecting the general population across age groups, socioeconomic statuses, and cultures.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a mental health condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. It includes both physical and psychological dependence on substances.

Substances commonly involved:

Alcohol

Tobacco/nicotine

Cannabis

Opioids (e.g., heroin, prescription painkillers)

Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine)

Sedatives or tranquillizers

Hallucinogens

 

Prevalence

According to the National Mental Health Survey in India 2015-2016- prevalence of tobacco use disorder (moderate and high dependence) and alcohol use disorder (dependence and harmful use / alcohol abuse) was 20.9% and 4.6%, respectively. The prevalence of alcohol use disorders in males was 9% as against 0.5% in females. The other illicit substances (Cannabis, Heroin & other opioids, stimulant drugs, inhalant substances and prescription drugs) use disorders among adult males was estimated as 1.1%.

 

Symptoms

To be diagnosed, individuals typically must meet 2 or more of the following criteria :

Cravings or strong urges to use the substance

Repeated failure to quit or control use

Neglecting major responsibilities

Continued use despite negative consequences

Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance

 

Impact on Individuals and Society

Health: Liver disease, cardiovascular issues, mental health disorders, overdose

Economic: Healthcare costs, lost productivity, criminal justice involvement

Social: Strained relationships, job loss, homelessness

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